Enfermedades dermatológicas por exposición al petróleo: una revisión narrativa de la literatura
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https://doi.org/10.20453/rmh.v36i2.5848Palabras clave:
contaminación por petróleo, petróleo, industria del petróleo y gas, enfermedades de la pielResumen
Pocos estudios han profundizado en los efectos dermatológicos de la exposición al petróleo. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa de la literatura fue describir las dermopatías más frecuentes en este contexto. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, SciELO y LILACS, desde 2019 a 2024, tanto en inglés como en español. Se seleccionaron 52 publicaciones para su síntesis y revisión. El petróleo está compuesto principalmente por hidrocarburos. Los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos generan una serie de efectos en la piel, a través de procesos biológicos que comprenden estrés oxidativo, inflamación y defectos de la barrera cutánea. El acné, cáncer, dermatitis, quemaduras, alteraciones de la pigmentación y otros trastornos no especificados fueron las dermopatías que más se reportaron. Las patologías ungueales y del cabello también fueron identificadas. Finalmente, la exposición al petróleo da origen a condiciones patológicas específicas de la piel y exacerba otras preexistentes. Se requieren de más estudios epidemiológicos y experimentales para comprender completamente los mecanismos fisiopatológicos subyacentes.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Damary Silvana Jaramillo Aguilar

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