Science and evolution of zirconium dioxide, from mechanical priority to aesthetic need

Abstract

At present, high-tech procedures focused on restorations based on dental ceramics have allowed the evolution and improvement of different forms of manufacturing restorations, thus initiating the use of ceramics such as zirconium dioxide. Objective: To identify recent publications of zirconium dioxide based restoration materials that include clinical studies, mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties, as well as their evolution, manufacturing and various applications in daily clinical practice. Materials and methods: The systematic search of the literature will be carried out in the databases of PubMed and Ebsco, publications from 2010-2019 will be considered and that they were clinical, laboratory research and all those that showed the evolution in time of zirconium dioxide , as well as its applicability and diversification. Results: 48 articles were reviewed that met the selection criteria for the literature review. It was found that all prosthetic restorations based on zirconium dioxide, regardless of their use, showed a clinical performance very similar to three years, after that time, will depend on the type of use, composition and choice of case. Conclusions: The clinical success of restorations based on zirconium dioxide is due to the multiple mechanical advantages and, with the recent structural modifications, added to the addition of additives for stabilization, is emerging as an ideal material for work both aesthetic areas as in areas of need for mechanical support with high functional load.