Factors associated with anxiety and depression levels in patients with spinal cord injury
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20453/rhr.v8i1.6426Keywords:
anxiety, depression, spinal cord injuriesAbstract
Objective: To determine the factors associated with anxiety and depression levels in patients with spinal cord injury. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study involving 74 patients with spinal cord injury who were members of two different social network groups. For data collection, a Google Forms questionnaire was used, which included sociodemographic variables, level and type of injury, etiology, duration of evolution, and the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories. Additionally, descriptive statistics, the chi-square test for variable association, and logistic regression were applied to determine the predictability of anxiety and depression levels based on the evaluated variables. Results: A prevalence of mild anxiety (45.9%) and moderate depression (47.3%) was found. There were significant differences between occupation (p = 0.036) and etiology (p = 0.006) according to sex. A significant association was also found between anxiety levels and sex, showing that women had six times higher anxiety severity (OR = 6.86; 95% CI: 1.88-25.10; p = 0.004). Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of considering sex and other contextual factors in the assessment and management of anxiety in patients with spinal cord injury, as well as the need to implement personalized interventions that address specific emotional responses within each group.
Downloads
References
Williams R, Murray A. Prevalence of depression after spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil [Internet]. 2015; 96(1): 133-140. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.08.016
Ortiz P. Psicobiología social. Tomo III. Lima: Universidad Ciencias Humanas; 2017.
Granados JC. Efecto de la rehabilitación en la calidad de vida de personas con lesión medular. An Fac Med [Internet]. 2020; 81(1): 6-13. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.15381/anales.v81i1.16852
Lude P, Kennedy P, Elfström ML, Ballert CS. Quality of life in and after spinal cord injury rehabilitation: a longitudinal multicenter study. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil [Internet]. 2014; 20(3): 197-207. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1310/sci2003-197
Budd MA, Gater DR, Channell I. Psychosocial consequences of spinal cord injury: a narrative review. J Pers Med [Internet]. 2022; 12(7): 1178. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12071178
Schultz KR, Mona LR, Cameron RP. Mental health and spinal cord injury: clinical considerations for rehabilitation providers. Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep [Internet]. 2022; 10(3): 131-139. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40141-022-00349-4
Perusini JN, Fanselow MS. Neurobehavioral perspectives on the distinction between fear and anxiety. Learn Mem [Internet]. 2015; 22(9): 417-425. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.039180.115
Titman R, Liang J, Craven BC. Diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of depression screening in spinal cord injury: a systematic review. J Spinal Cord Med [Internet]. 2019; 42(suppl 1): 99-107. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/10790268.2019.1606556
Kirshblum SC, Burns SP, Biering-Sorensen F, Donovan W, Graves DE, Jha A, et al. International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011). J Spinal Cord Med [Internet]. 2011; 34(6): 535-546. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1179/204577211x13207446293695
Monsalve JD, Hernández A, Castellar SM, Muñoz JN, Rodríguez LE. Normas internacionales para la clasificación neurológica de las lesiones de la médula espinal: la clasificación ASIA 2019. Rev Col Med Fis Rehab [Internet]. 2022; 32(supl.): 249-256. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.28957/rcmfr.365
Tien NL, Thanh VV, Hanh KT, Anh PG, Huyen LT, Tu NT, et al. Quality of life and activities of daily living among patients with complete cervical spinal cord injury and surgical treatment in Vietnam. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2021; 18(18): 9703. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189703
Yilmaz F, Sahin F, Aktug S, Kuran B, Yilmaz A. Long-term follow-up of patients with spinal cord injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair [Internet]. 2005; 19(4): 332-337. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968305280210
Lim SW, Shiue YL, Ho CH, Yu SC, Kao PH, Wang JJ, et al. Anxiety and depression in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury: a nationwide population-based cohort study. PLoS One [Internet]. 2017; 12(1): e0169623. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169623
Cvetkovic-Vega A, Maguiña JL, Soto A, Lama-Valdivia J, Correa-López LE. Estudios transversales. Rev Fac Med Hum [Internet]. 2021; 21(1): 179-185. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.25176/rfmh.v21i1.3069
Sanz J. Recomendaciones para la utilización de la adaptación española del Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) en la práctica clínica. Clín Salud [Internet]. 2014; 25(1): 39-48. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.5093/cl2014a3
Zaldivar M, Hernández E, Zamora F, Martínez M. Capacidad de afrontamiento, en los pacientes con lesión medular de etiología traumática y no traumática. Medimay [Internet]. 2021; 28(3): 323-335. Disponible en: https://revcmhabana.sld.cu/index.php/rcmh/article/view/1631/pdf
Maroco J, García-Marques T. Qual a fiabilidade do alfa de Cronbach? Questões antigas e soluções modernas? Lab Psicologia [Internet]. 2006; 4(1): 65-90. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.14417/lp.763
Robles R, Varela R, Jurado S, Páez F. Versión mexicana del Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck: propiedades psicométricas. Rev Mex Psicol. 2001; 18(2): 211-218.
Sanz J, Perdigón AL, Vázquez C. Adaptación española del Inventario para la Depresión de Beck-II (BDI-II): 2. Propiedades psicométricas en población general. Clínica Salud [Internet]. 2003; 14(3): 249-280. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=180617972001
Arias-Pérez A, Betancur-Sáenz M, Cardona MD. Factores asociados con la calidad de vida de personas en proceso de rehabilitación física con lesión medular. Medellín, 2013. Rev Incl [Internet]. 2014; vol. esp.: 55-72. Disponible en: https://revistainclusiones.org/index.php/inclu/article/view/2793
Constantino-Cerna A, Bocanegra-Malca M, León-Jiménez F, Díaz-Vélez C. Frecuencia de depresión y ansiedad en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 atendidos en un hospital general de Chiclayo. Rev Méd Hered [Internet]. 2014; 25(4): 196-203. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.20453/rmh.v25i4.2176
Vega-Dienstmaier JM, Coronado-Molina O, Mazzotti G. Validez de una versión en español del Inventario de Depresión de Beck en pacientes hospitalizados de medicina general. Rev Neuropsiquiatr [Internet]. 2014; 77(2): 95-103. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v77i2.1151
Schober P, Boer C, Schwarte LA. Correlation coefficients: appropriate use and interpretation. Anesth Analg [Internet]. 2018; 126(5): 1763-1768. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000002864
Vall J, Costa CM, Pereira LF, Friesen TT. Application of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in individuals with spinal cord injury. Arq Neuropsiquiatr [Internet]. 2011; 69(3): 513-518. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-282X2011000400020
Pérez-Parra JE, Henao-Lema CP. Relación entre complicaciones clínicas y discapacidad en población colombiana con lesión medular: resultados desde el WHO-DAS II1. Aquichan [Internet]. 2013; 13(2): 173-185. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2013.13.2.3
Graupensperger S, Sweet SN, Evans MB. Multimorbidity of overweight and obesity alongside anxiety and depressive disorders in individuals with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med [Internet]. 2021; 44(6): 992-1000. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/10790268.2018.1507801
Hatefi M, Abdi A, Tarjoman A, Borji M. Prevalence of depression and pain among patients with spinal cord injury in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma Mon [Internet]. 2019; 24(4): e87503. Disponible en: https://www.traumamon.com/article_102130.html
Conceição MI, Auad JC, Vasconcelos L, Macêdo A, Bressanelli R. Avaliação da depressão em pacientes com lesão medular. Rev Bras Ter Comport Cogn [Internet]. 2010; 12(1-2): 43-59. Disponible en: https://rbtcc.com.br/RBTCC/article/view/415/309
Oh SJ, Shin HI, Paik NJ, Yoo T, Ku JH. Depressive symptoms of patients using clean intermittent catheterization for neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord [Internet]. 2006; 44(12): 757-762. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3101903
Khadour FA, Khadour YA, Meng L, XinLi C, Xu T. Epidemiology features of traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injury in China, Wuhan. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2024; 14: 1640. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52210-4
Kennedy P, Chessell ZJ. Traumatic versus non-traumatic spinal cord injuries: are there differential rehabilitation outcomes? Spinal Cord [Internet]. 2013; 51(7): 579-583. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2013.27
Ding W, Hu S, Wang P, Kang H, Peng R, Dong Y, et al. Spinal cord injury: the global incidence, prevalence, and disability from the global burden of disease study 2019. Spine [Internet]. 2022; 47(21): 1532-1540. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000004417
Qasheesh M, Shaphe MA, Iqbal A, Alghadir AH. Association of psychological variants with functional outcomes among people with spinal cord injury. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2021; 11: 20325. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98808-w
Hara AC, Aching NC, Marques LM, Fregni F, Battisttella LR, Simis M. Clinical and demographic predictors of symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord [Internet]. 2022; 60(12): 1123-1129. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-022-00831-9
Wallace SJ, Worrall L, Le Dorze G, Brandenburg C, Foulkes J, Rose TA. Many ways of measuring: a scoping review of measurement instruments for use with people with aphasia. Aphasiology [Internet]. 2022; 36(4): 401-466. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2020.1836318
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Julio César Granados-Carrera
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All articles published in the Revista Herediana de Rehabilitación are under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 International license.
The authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work registered with the Creative Commons License, which allows third parties to use what is published whenever they mention the authorship of the work, and to the first publication in this magazine.
Authors can make other independent and additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version published in this journal, provided they clearly indicate that the work was published in this journal.
The authors can file in the repository of their institution:
The research work or thesis of degree from which the published article derives.
The pre-print version: the version prior to peer review.
The Post-print version: final version after peer review.
The definitive version or final version created by the publisher for publication.
Esta obra está bajo una 